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CLAT
What is CLAT?
The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is a national-level entrance examination conducted annually by the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) for admission to undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) law programs in India. CLAT serves as the primary gateway to prestigious National Law Universities (NLUs) and is also accepted by several private and deemed universities across the country.
For UG admissions, CLAT is required for entry into 5-year integrated law programs such as B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), B.B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.), and B.Com. LL.B. (Hons.). For PG admissions, CLAT is used for entry into the LL.M. (1-Year) program offered by participating NLUs.
The exam tests candidates on English Language, Current Affairs including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques (UG), while the PG exam focuses on advanced legal comprehension and reasoning. CLAT is known for its high level of competition, analytical focus, and emphasis on reading comprehension and legal aptitude, making it a key determinant for admission to India’s top law schools.
Successful CLAT candidates gain access to rigorous legal education, national exposure, strong alumni networks, and excellent career opportunities in litigation, corporate law, judiciary, public policy, academia, and international legal practice.
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CLAT Eligibility Criteria
The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) sets specific eligibility requirements for candidates seeking admission to Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) law programs offered by participating National Law Universities (NLUs).
CLAT UG Eligibility (5-Year Integrated Law Programs)
Candidates applying for B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), B.B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.), or B.Com. LL.B. (Hons.) must meet the following criteria:
Must have passed 10+2 or an equivalent examination from a recognized board.
Minimum qualifying marks:
General / OBC / PWD / NRI categories: 45% aggregate marks
SC / ST categories: 40% aggregate marks
Candidates appearing in the 10+2 examination in the same year as CLAT are also eligible to apply, provided they submit proof of qualification at the time of admission.
There is no upper age limit for appearing in CLAT UG.
CLAT UG Eligibility (5-Year Integrated Law Programs)
Candidates seeking admission to the LL.M. program must fulfill the following conditions:
Must have completed an LL.B. degree (3-year or 5-year) from a recognized university.
Minimum qualifying marks:
General / OBC / PWD / NRI categories: 50% aggregate marks
SC / ST categories: 45% aggregate marks
Candidates in the final year of LL.B. are also eligible to apply, subject to submission of final results at the time of admission.
There is no upper age limit for CLAT PG as well.
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CLAT Exam Pattern 2025
The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is conducted for admission to UG (5-year integrated law) and PG (LL.M.) programs offered by National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. The exam is offline (pen-and-paper based) and tests comprehension, reasoning, and legal aptitude.
CLAT UG Exam Pattern (5-Year Integrated Law)
| Section | Subjects Covered | Number of Questions (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|
|
English Language |
Reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, inference |
22–26 |
|
Current Affairs & General Knowledge |
National & international events, legal GK, static GK |
28–32 |
|
Legal Reasoning |
Legal principles, fact-based questions, application of law |
28–32 |
|
Logical Reasoning |
Critical reasoning, arguments, assumptions, conclusions |
22–26 |
|
Quantitative Techniques |
Basic mathematics, graphs, ratios, percentages |
10–14 |
|
Total |
|
120 Questions |
1. Duration: 2 hours (120 minutes)
2. Marking Scheme:
+1 mark for each correct answer
–0.25 mark for each incorrect answer
3. No marks deducted for unattempted questions
CLAT PG Exam Pattern (LL.M.)
| Section | Subjects Covered | Number of Questions (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|
|
Core Law Subjects |
Constitutional Law, Jurisprudence, Administrative Law, IPC, CPC, CrPC, Contract, Torts, IPR, International Law, Environmental Law |
120 |
|
Total |
|
120 Questions |
1. Duration: 2 hours (120 minutes)
2. Marking Scheme:
+1 mark for each correct answer
–0.25 mark for each incorrect answer
3. Questions are comprehension-based, requiring candidates to apply legal concepts rather than rely on rote memorization.
4. Medium of Examination: English only
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Syllabus Overview CLAT
CLAT UG Syllabus (5-Year Integrated Law Programs)
1. English Language
- Reading comprehension passages (contemporary & historical)
- Vocabulary (word meanings, synonyms, antonyms)
- Grammar and sentence correction
- Inference and conclusions
- Tone and central idea of passages
- Reading comprehension passages (contemporary & historical)
2. Current Affairs & General Knowledge
- National and international current events
- Legal current affairs and landmark developments
- Government policies and schemes
- International organisations
- Static GK linked to current affairs (history, geography, economy)
- Important judgments and constitutional developments
- National and international current events
3. Legal Reasoning
- Legal principles and fact situations
- Application of law to given facts
- Constitutional principles
- Criminal law concepts
- Contract law basics
- Legal maxims (applied, not theoretical)
- Legal principles and fact situations
No prior legal knowledge required — focus is on reasoning and application.
4. Logical Reasoning
- Critical reasoning passages
- Arguments and conclusions
- Assumptions and inferences
- Cause and effect
- Strengthening and weakening arguments
- Analogies and relationships
- Critical reasoning passages
5. Quantitative Techniques
- Basic mathematics (Class 10 level)
- Ratios and proportions
- Percentages
- Averages
- Profit and loss
- Time, speed, and distance
- Interpretation of graphs, charts, and tables
- Basic mathematics (Class 10 level)
CLAT PG Syllabus (LL.M.)
Core Law Subjects
- Constitutional Law
- Jurisprudence
- Administrative Law
- Law of Contract
- Law of Torts
- Criminal Law (IPC)
- Civil Procedure Code (CPC)
- Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)
- Family Law
- Public International Law
- Environmental Law
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
- Company Law
- Constitutional Law
Questions are passage-based and test conceptual clarity and analytical ability, not rote memorization.
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Registration Process CLAT
Step 1: Visit the Official Website
- Go to the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) official website
- Click on “Register” for CLAT UG or CLAT PG
Step 2: Create a New Account
- Enter:
- Valid mobile number
- Active email ID
- Create a password
- Verify your mobile number and email via OTP
- Login credentials are sent to your registered email
- Enter:
Step 3: Fill the Application Form
You need to provide:
- Personal details (name, date of birth, category, nationality)
- Academic qualifications (Class 10 & 12 for UG / Graduation for PG)
- Preferred NLU choices (can be edited later before final submission)
- Reservation category (if applicable)
Step 4: Upload Required Documents
Upload scanned copies in the prescribed format:
- Recent passport-size photograph
- Signature
- Category certificate (SC/ST/OBC/EWS, if applicable)
- PWD certificate (if applicable)
- BPL certificate (if applicable)
Ensure correct file size and format as mentioned on the portal.
Step 5: Pay the Application Fee
Payment can be made online only (Debit Card / Credit Card / Net Banking / UPI)
Application Fee Structure (Indicative):
- General / OBC / EWS: ₹4,000
- SC / ST / BPL: ₹3,500
(Fee is non-refundable)
Step 6: Submit the Application
- Review all details carefully
- Click “Submit Application”
- Download and save the confirmation page & payment receipt
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Top Ranked Colleges for Accepting CLAT
Tier 1 NLUs (Highest Preference)
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru
- National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR), Hyderabad
- The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS), Kolkata
- National Law University (NLU), Delhi (Note: Uses AILET, not CLAT)
- National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ)
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru
Tier 2 NLUs
- Gujarat National Law University (GNLU), Gandhinagar
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University (RMLNLU), Lucknow
- Hidayatullah National Law University (HNLU), Raipur
- National Law Institute University (NLIU), Bhopal
- Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law (RGNUL), Patiala
- Gujarat National Law University (GNLU), Gandhinagar
Tier 3 & Emerging NLUs
- National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS), Kochi
- Chanakya National Law University (CNLU), Patna
- National Law University Odisha (NLUO), Cuttack
- National Law University and Judicial Academy (NLUJA), Assam
- Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (DSNLU), Visakhapatnam
- Maharashtra National Law University (MNLU), Mumbai
- MNLU Nagpur
- MNLU Aurangabad
- Tamil Nadu National Law University (TNNLU), Tiruchirappalli
- Himachal Pradesh National Law University (HPNLU), Shimla
- Dharmashastra National Law University (DNLU), Jabalpur
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Law University (DBRANLU), Sonepat
- Tripura National Law University (TNLU), Agartala
- National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS), Kochi
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Frequently Asked Questions for CLAT
Q1: What is CLAT?
A: CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) is a national-level entrance examination conducted by the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) for admission to undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) law programs offered by participating NLUs across India.
Q2: Which courses are offered through CLAT?
A: CLAT is used for admission to:
- UG Programs: BA LL.B. (Hons.), BBA LL.B. (Hons.), B.Sc. LL.B. (Hons.) (varies by NLU)
- PG Program: LL.M. (1-year)
Q3: Who is eligible to apply for CLAT UG?
A: Candidates must have:
- Completed 10+2 or equivalent
- Minimum marks:
- General/OBC/PWD/NRI: 45%
- SC/ST: 40%
- General/OBC/PWD/NRI: 45%
- Candidates appearing in Class 12 exams are also eligible.
- Completed 10+2 or equivalent
Q4: Who is eligible for CLAT PG? Candidates must have:
A: Candidates must have:
- An LL.B. degree or equivalent
- Minimum marks:
- General/OBC/PWD/NRI: 50%
- SC/ST: 45%
- General/OBC/PWD/NRI: 50%
- An LL.B. degree or equivalent
Q5: What is the exam pattern of CLAT UG?
A: CLAT UG consists of 120 multiple-choice questions from:
- English Language
- Current Affairs (including General Knowledge)
- Legal Reasoning
- Logical Reasoning
- Quantitative Techniques
- English Language
Duration: 2 hours
Marking: +1 for correct answer, –0.25 for incorrect answer
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